服务器
前言
nginx作为web服务器一个重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增额外的模块,默认自带proxy_pass指令,只需要修改配置文件就可以实现反向代理。
而在日常的web网站部署中,经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一个配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass时,当在后面的url加上了/,相当于是绝对根路径,则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/,则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走(这样配置可以参考这篇文章)。
下面举个小实例说明下:
centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的,所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库
1)使用yum安装nginx需要包括nginx的库,安装nginx的库
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/rpms/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm2)使用下面命令安装nginx
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx3)nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}} [root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.htmlthis is page of test!!!!4)启动nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service5)测试访问(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip)
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23this is page of test!!!!看看下面几种情况:分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试
为了方便测试,先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx,配置如下:
[root@bastion-idc ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.confserver {listen 8090;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}}[root@bastion-idc ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.htmlthis is 192.168.1.5[root@bastion-idc ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload测试访问(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip):
[root@bastion-idc ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090this is 192.168.1.5
192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器,nginx配置如下:
1)第一种情况:
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;}}这样,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面
注意,终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不带/),则会访问失败!因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了/
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/this is 192.168.1.5[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy<html><head><title>301 moved permanently</title></head><body bgcolor=white><center><h2>301 moved permanently</h2></center><hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center></body></html>页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候,会自动加上/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了/),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果
2)第二种情况,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartredirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service那么访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,都会失败!
这样配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3)第三种情况
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartredirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/192.168.1.5 haha-index.html这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加/
[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartredirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html上面配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html192.168.1.5 hah
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